High-performance custom frame, using boxed rails and tube sectionsĪbandoned for a while, the hat frame regained popularity when companies started welding it to the bottom of unibody cars, effectively creating a boxed frame. However, they can be found on 1936–1954 Chevrolet cars and some Studebakers. They are not commonly used due to weakness and a propensity to rust. Hat frames resemble a "U" and may be either right-side-up or inverted with the open area facing down. It is made by taking a flat piece of steel (usually ranging in thickness from 1/8" to 3/16", but up to 1/2" or more in some heavy-duty trucks ) and rolling both sides over to form a C-shaped beam running the length of the vehicle. "Boxed" frames contain chassis rails that are closed, either by somehow welding them up or by using premanufactured metal tubing.īy far the most common, the C-channel rail has been used on nearly every type of vehicle at one time or another. If the material is folded twice, an open-ended cross-section, either C-shaped or hat-shaped (U-shaped) results. These are ordinarily made of steel channel sections, made by folding, rolling, or pressing steel plate. In the case of a separate chassis, the frame is made up of structural elements called the rails or beams. Typically the material used to construct vehicle chassis and frames is carbon steel or aluminum alloys to achieve a more light-weight construction. Notice hat-shaped crossmember in the background, c-shape rails and cross member in center, and a slight arc over the axle. Types of frame according to their construction: Longitudinal tensile forces from starting and acceleration, as well as compression from braking.Torque from the engine and transmission.Transverse lateral forces caused by road conditions, side wind, and steering the vehicle.
Weight of the body, passengers, and cargo loads.To deal with static and dynamic loads, without undue deflection or distortion.To support the vehicle's mechanical components and body.The main functions of a frame in a motor vehicle are:
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